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At Zolvit, our guardianship lawyers provide tailored legal support to individuals and families seeking to establish or contest guardianship arrangements. Whether you need assistance with appointing a guardian for a minor or addressing guardianship disputes, we offer comprehensive legal assistance to ensure that the best interests of the child are protected.

Guardianship matters in India are governed by various laws, including the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, which provides a legal framework for appointing a guardian for a minor child in the absence of the child's parents or when the parents are deemed unfit. At Zolvit, we are dedicated to offering tailored legal solutions to handle all aspects of guardianship, ensuring compliance with legal requirements and safeguarding the welfare of the child.



Guardianship is a legal tool that lets someone take care of an individual who cannot take care of themselves for whatever reason, such as children or adults with disabilities. This means assigning a legal guardian to make decisions.

Zolvit understands that guardianship can be emotionally challenging. Our experienced legal team can help you with guardianship for minors, elders, or people with special needs.

A guardianship is when someone or something is able to make decisions on behalf of someone who can't. Depending on the individual's needs, this legal responsibility can include personal, financial, and medical decisions.

Guardianship in India is a legal mechanism where the court of law appoints an individual to take care of another person (the ward) who for any natural or other reasons has not been able to handle his own affairs on account of age, infirmity or have duly appointed one under mental/physical distress. The guardian has a duty of providing for the personal, financial and medical welfare of their ward.

Law Governing Guardianship in India

The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890

It's mainly for minors, but it outlines the process and conditions under which guardianship can be granted.

The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956

This Hindu Act defines the rights and responsibilities of guardians for minors, detailing when and who can be appointed as guardians.

The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017

It ensures that the rights and well-being of individuals with mental illnesses are protected, and appoints guardians who can make decisions in their best interest.

The Necessity of Guardianship From a Legal Perspective

A guardianship will be required in some circumstances, such as the death of a parent or parents; becoming incapacitated; and especially when care needs do not meet those requirements under the standard process. Multiple reasons make legal guardianship important to understand:

  • A guardian protects the personal and financial interests of a ward.
  • Taking major decisions regarding the ward's health, education, and welfare.
  • It gives a guardian the legal authority to manage finances or enter into contracts on behalf of a ward.
  • It keeps the ward grounded, offers some security (to some extent), and is genuinely concerned for their well-being, safeguarding them in a safe environment.

Types of Guardianship in India

Guardianship in India encompasses various arrangements for the care and management of individuals who are unable to care for themselves, such as minors or incapacitated adults. Below are five types of Guardianship:

Temporary guardianship

In India, temporary guardianship is typically granted for a specific period of time or in emergency situations where immediate care is required for the ward (usually a minor). When a legal guardian is temporarily unavailable or during a medical emergency, a temporary guardian may be appointed to make decisions for the minor. A court determines the duration of temporary guardianship, which is intended to be a temporary arrangement until a more permanent arrangement is established.

Eligibility criteria

  • It is necessary for the potential guardian to be an adult (18 years or older).
  • During the temporary period, they must demonstrate their capability to care for the ward.
  • To ensure the guardian is suitable and has no history of criminal activity or child neglect/abuse, the court may require a background check.

Permanent Guardianship

Permanent guardianships are established when a ward needs long-term care and protection. Minors often end up in this situation when their parents die, become incapacitated, or can't care for them. You can also get permanent guardianship if you're mentally or physically incapacitated. Guardianships last until the minor reaches adulthood or until the court decides they're no longer needed.

Procedures and Legal Obligations

In order to begin the process, the ward must file a petition with the family court, explaining why long-term guardianship is necessary.

  • The petitioner must prove that the ward needs a permanent guardian and that the proposed guardian is qualified to do so.
  • A judge will review the case, hear from all parties involved, and decide whether to grant permanent guardianship. A court's decision is based on the ward's best interests.

Testamentary Guardianship

A testamentary guardian is appointed through a will to take care of a minor after death. In the absence of a natural guardian, a testamentary guardian assumes responsibility for the minor's upbringing, education, and welfare.

Appointment of a Testamentary Guardian:

  • The testamentary guardian must be named in a legally valid will by a parent or legal guardian.
  • The will must be executed according to the Indian Succession Act, 1925.
  • The testator should ensure the chosen guardian is willing and capable of taking on the role before appointing them.
  • As soon as the testator dies and the court validates the will, the testamentary guardian's authority begins.

Guardian ad Litem

Guardian ad Litems (GALs) represent the interests of minors or incapacitated adults during legal proceedings, especially custodial, welfare, and inheritance disputes. Independently assessing the situation, the GAL makes recommendations to the court.

Role and Responsibilities:

  • Interviews of the ward, family, and other relevant parties take place during the investigation of the GAL.
  • To understand the ward's situation, they examine medical records and school reports.
  • With respect to the ward's best interests, the GAL submits a report to the court.
  • A ward may also be represented in court by an advocate, who provides evidence and defends their recommendations.

How Zolvit Can Assist You

Our guardianship services are tailored to your unique situation. Here's how we can help:

Legal consultation

We start by understanding your specific needs and circumstances. Our legal experts will explain the guardianship process, assess your situation, and advise you on the best course of action.

Guardianship Application Preparation

Our team will help you prepare and file the necessary legal documents for guardianship. We ensure that all paperwork is accurate and complete, reducing the likelihood of delays or issues in court.

Court Representation

Zolvit’s experienced lawyers will represent you in court, advocating for the guardianship arrangement that best serves the interests of the individual involved. We handle all aspects of the legal process, ensuring a smooth and efficient resolution.

Mediation and Conflict Resolution

In cases where there are disputes over guardianship, our mediation services help resolve conflicts amicably, avoiding prolonged litigation and stress for all parties involved.

FAQs for Guardianship

What is guardianship?

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How is a guardian appointed?

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What are the types of guardianship?

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What is the role of a guardian?

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How can I file for guardianship?

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What factors are considered in appointing a guardian?

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Can guardianship be temporary?

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What is a testamentary guardian?

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What are the responsibilities of a guardian ad litem?

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Can guardianship be revoked or modified?

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What should I bring to a consultation with a guardianship lawyer?

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What is the difference between guardianship and custody?

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How does the court determine the best interests of the child?

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What support services are available for guardians?

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Yamini Rapolu

Sanjay Raju from Zolvit provided exceptional legal support, guiding me with patience and expertise through the process. Highly recommended!

Yamini Rapolu